Fibroids or uterine fibroids, are one of the most common health conditions among women during their reproductive age. They are non-cancerous muscle tissue growths that can develop in or around the uterus. Studies show fibroids in 0.1–10.7% of pregnant women. Despite common misconceptions, having fibroids does not mean complications during pregnancy or the need for a cesarean section (C-Section). Many women with uterine fibroids can not only get pregnant naturally, but they can also go on to have a normal, healthy birth.
“Fibroids are often feared as a major cause of infertility and pregnancy problems, but that is not always the case,” says Dr. Sadhna Sharma, Senior Obstetrician and Gynecologist at Miracles Apollo Cradle, Gurgaon. “While fibroids can cause issues for some females, the majority of females with fibroids have a normal pregnancy and a safe, vaginal delivery.”
What Are Fibroids, and Why Do They Matter?
Fibroids are made of muscle and tissue that develop in or around the uterus. The size of uterine fibroids can vary from as small as a seed to as large as a melon. Fibroids can grow inside the uterus, on the outer wall, or even in the cervix. They are very common, especially during the reproductive years, and are usually harmless.
Fibroids grow in response to the hormone estrogen, and while some may remain small and undetected for years, others may grow larger over time. The fibroids’ size, number, and location can affect how they impact pregnancy. “Not all fibroids are the same. The impact they have on pregnancy depends on factors such as where the fibroids are located and their size,” explains Dr. Sharma. “Smaller size fibroids or those located outside the uterus usually do not cause complications and don’t interfere with the ability to have a healthy pregnancy and normal vaginal birth.”
Can You Get Pregnant with Fibroids?
Yes, many women with uterine fibroids can still conceive naturally. While fibroids can cause problems for a few women, such as blocking the fallopian tubes or affecting the shape of the uterus, most women with fibroids can get pregnant without any issues.
Studies suggest that fibroids are present in about 5-10% of women with infertility, but fibroids are the sole cause of infertility in only 1-2.4% of women. Many women with fibroids can still get pregnant on their own.
“Fibroids are often diagnosed during routine gynecological exams, and while they might require monitoring, they don’t always affect a woman’s ability to conceive,” Dr. Sharma notes. “If there are concerns, a doctor will perform tests such as an ultrasound to assess the fibroids and determine if they could be causing any issues with fertility.”
How Do Fibroids Affect Pregnancy?
Although fibroids don’t usually interfere with pregnancy, in some cases, they can cause complications. The risks and complications that uterine fibroids might cause depend on their size, location, and number. Here are some potential ways fibroids might affect pregnancy:
- Miscarriage: In some cases, fibroids can increase the risk of miscarriage, especially if the fibroids are located in the uterine cavity or if they are large.
- Preterm labor: Women with fibroids, especially if the fibroids are large, may be at a slightly higher risk for preterm labor.
- Placenta problems: Large fibroids can sometimes interfere with the implantation of the placenta, causing problems such as placenta previa.
- Baby’s position: Fibroids located at certain points in the uterus can cause the baby to be in a breech or abnormal position, which might affect the possibility of a vaginal birth.
- Heavy bleeding during pregnancy: Some women with fibroids experience heavier bleeding or cramping during pregnancy, especially in the second or third trimester.
Dr. Sharma reassures, “Most women with fibroids go through pregnancy without significant issues. With proper monitoring and care, they can have a smooth pregnancy journey and a healthy, natural birth experience.”
Can You Have a Normal Birth with Fibroids?
The good news is that in most cases, women with fibroids can have a normal, vaginal birth. The key to having a healthy pregnancy and birth when you have fibroids is early detection and careful monitoring. Dr. Sharma emphasizes the importance of regular prenatal visits and ultrasounds to monitor both the growth of the baby and any changes in the fibroids.
“Fibroids can grow during pregnancy, but in most cases, they don’t interfere with the birth process,” says Dr. Sadhna.”Small fibroids or those positioned within the uterus typically do not lead to complications during labor and delivery.”
In rare cases, if fibroids are large, they might cause complications such as blocking the birth canal, which could make a vaginal delivery more difficult. If this happens, a cesarean c section may be recommended. Additionally, if the fibroids cause excessive bleeding during labor, a cesarean delivery might be necessary for the safety of the mother and baby.
However, for many women with fibroids, a vaginal birth remains the best option. “If there are no particular complications and the uterine fibroids are not causing issues, a natural vaginal delivery is possible.” Dr. Sharma assures.
How to Prepare for a Safe Pregnancy and Delivery with Fibroids?
At Miracles Apollo Cradle Gurgaon, we provide expert care for women with fibroids to ensure the best possible outcomes during pregnancy. Regular monitoring, such as ultrasounds and blood tests, is essential for tracking the baby’s growth and any potential changes in the fibroids. Early intervention is key to addressing any issues that may arise during pregnancy.
Dr. Sadhna Sharma advises women with fibroids to:
- Stay in regular contact with your healthcare provider: Regular prenatal visits are necessary to monitor your pregnancy and ensure that any changes in fibroids are noticed early.
- Get ultrasounds regularly: An ultrasound helps to monitor the size and location of the fibroids, as well as the baby’s position and growth.
- Follow a healthy lifestyle: Eating well and staying active can help prevent complications during pregnancy. Exercise, such as walking or swimming, can also improve blood circulation and reduce the chances of fibroids growing larger.
- Discuss any concerns: If you have any concerns about fibroids or potential complications, it’s important to address them with your doctor. They can offer solutions to help you manage symptoms and avoid complications.
- Consider a cesarean if necessary: In some cases, a cesarean may be recommended if fibroids cause complications during labor, such as obstructing the birth canal or causing heavy bleeding. This decision will be made with the health and safety of both mother and baby in mind.
Final Words:
While fibroids can cause some challenges during pregnancy, they don’t have to stand in the way of having a healthy pregnancy and a normal delivery. Many females with fibroids go on to have successful, uncomplicated pregnancies and vaginal births. The key to a safe pregnancy and delivery is early detection, careful monitoring, and a personalized approach to care.With the right support from gynaecologists, women with fibroids can go through their pregnancy journey with confidence and achieve their goal of a healthy, normal birth.
